For the Madurese, kiai is a degree of community given to someone who has extensive knowledge of Islamic religion. On the island, however, it is somewhat difficult to determine whether someone is a kiai or not, because the title more lies on social recognition. Only those who run an Islamic boarding school can be easily recognized as kiai. Furthermore, kiai is very close to politics. This is ine…
As a leader of society, ulama has to place themselves as a religious leader all at once as a secular leader. There ia an opinion among kiai that struggle for amar ma'ruf nahi munkar not enough only with one way, it is a spiritual way (as a leader of umma) but it also need political way. The result of this research among conclude that the leadership of kiai obtain legitimation from the society a…
In the hierarchy of traditional society, Kiai is considered to belong to both social and religious elite. He therefore holds an important role in his society. However, with the expansion of modernity that gives birth to a progressive and dynamic change in our society, Kiai is not regarded any more as the sole agent of social chane. His function is becoming less and limited vis -a-vis modernity.…