This research examines the importance of a scools climate characterized by high levels of academic emphasis. Effective schools research is reviewed to develop a conceptual model undergirding the measurement of academic emphasis. In addition, social cognitive theory is employed as a theoretical framework explaining the development and effect of academic emphasis on student achievement. With the …
Empowerment is defined and measured in terms of teacher's power to control critical decisions about teaching and learning conditions. This research first considers the relationship between school climate and teacher empowermwnt wnd the relationship between teacher empowerment and school effectiveness, which inchludes measures of mathematics and reading achievement in 86 middle schools. The resu…