This paper examines the relevance of the bank lending channel of monetary policy in Egypt using bank-level data. Previous empirical studies in Egypt that used macro-level data have not supported the relevance of the bank lending channel. However, using a sample of 32 commercial banks for the period from 1998 until 2011 and a dynamic panel GMM technique, the empirical findings revealed the relev…
There are two banking bangkings in Indonesia, interest-based banking and shariah-complaint banking. Interest-based banking has been around ever since before the independence of Indonesia in 1945. In contrast, shariah comliant baking emerged only in 1990an. In reality, the two systems are contradictory, because in interest-based banking, interest is instrumental in its operation. In contrast, sh…