This article aims to analyze genealogies of Muslim middle class in Indonesia. It can be traced from three primary sources such as bourgeoisies, pilgrimage trip (h}ajj) to Mecca and Medina, and education. These three sources have intertwined each other to build up Muslim middle class in social strata system that branch off in two model; bourguoises class and intellectual class. In this section, …
This article discusses the political attitude of some Indonesian Muslims to the reformation era of Indonesia. Euphorically, they responded the reformation in the same way as in the early history of Indonesian politics, i.e., they are interested much in struggling their political interest in the formalistic ways. This study has found that the Islamic figures who struggling political Islam in the…
Di Indonesia istilah Islam kultural adalah sebuah kategorisasi yang relatif baru dan jarang dipergunakan dalam wacana Islam diluar Indonesia. Istilah ini ramai dipergunakan kira-kira tahun 80-an. Akan tetapi, sebagai wacana, islam kultural sesungguhnya telah lama digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi gejala sosiologis dan keagamaan masyarakat yang berupaya menggeser pola keberagamaan yang lebih bero…
Islam is not a practical entity. In many cases, al Qur'an, its primary source, is more symbolic than descriptive. Therefore, its validity and vitality rely on the interpretation of the various symbol along with the dynamic change of space and time. About the political domain, it does not offer detail and specific from of nation. Hence, discourse of relationship between Islam and politics in Isl…