The confrontation with western colonialism has become part of the islamic history since the nineteenth century.This paper is an attempt to investigate the radicalization of religion in several parts of the Islamic world.It focusses, however, on the review of the history of the caliphate and its adjunct notion like Pan-Islamism or rule over all muslims. "
This paper sheds some light on Indonesian shi'a sympathizers, their particular relations among themselves as well as with others.Following the Iranian revolution by the late 1970, Indonesian muslims witnessed a remarkable religious enthusiasm marked by the proliferation of Shi'a literature.
This paper traces the roots of the emergence of Islamic religious and political movements in Indonesia especialy during and after their depoliticization during the new order regime.There were two important impacts of the depoliticization.First, the emergence of various study groups and student organizations in University campuses.Second, The emergence of islamic political parties after the fall…
At the end of 2008, the super power United States suffered from economic crisis.It shocked the world since US economic policy ligalizes capitalism.Not only US experienced the crisis but also others countries did including Indonesia.The crisis repeatedly occurs many times however it is unstoppable.
Reading is not only a matter of transferring a set of symbols to become a group of meaningful words.However, reading is about to grasp the message sending by the author to the readers.In understanding a reading text, a reader must both have a good instrinsic linguistic skill and familiar with the topics of the text.
The aim of this research is to estimate dioxin/furan emission and concentration that can be used to present an altenative policy fo emission reduction.The research applied the emission factor and dispersion methods.The result of estimation indicated that the dioxin/furan pollution has already high....etc.