Muslim merchants were active as traders from the seventh century. Several archipelago Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms established commercial and diplomatic connections with middle Eastern Islamic rulers. Archaeological evidence pointing to this fact has been found at a shipwreck site in the Java Sea near Cirebon. Among the discovered trade goods were indications of Islam in the form of a stamp-moul…
NIM: A02399179.
This paper examines the influence of Persia in the history of Malay culture and litarature. Persian influence appears in prayers, religious ceremonies and the tendency towards Sufi ideas. It is also found in Malay vocabulary, types of writing, traditional literary romances known as hikayat, poetry and historical texts. Further influence appears in Malay cultural values, canon law and religious …
Muslim merchants were active as traders from the seventh century. Several archipelago Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms established commercial and diplomatic connections with middle Eastern Islamic rulers. Archaeological evidence pointing to this fact has been found at a shipwreck site in the Java Sea near Cirebon. Among the discovered trade goods were indications of Islam in the form of a stamp-moul…
The open and distance learning system implemented in universitas terbuka (UT)_requires students to do self-learning, individually or in groups.Therefore, the students of UT must be able to motivate themselves to self-study and use their time effectively.