Islam views Dhimmi in a social community based on human values and justice. These values are consistent with human rigths. Their religiosity is not harrased. In view of the chronological development of Islamic history, human is always released from the deterioration of dignity caused by prolonged and seemingly endless war. Long before the presence of Islam, sovereignity was based on wild law, i…
Kant has established universal moral norms which have the constrained consequences to all human life regardless cultural, religius, and racial identity. This circumstances do not necessarily mean that concept of ethics, Kant places the existence of God as a postulate. Furthermore, Kant's ethics lays the foundation and guidelines for human being to be good creature, with high creativity and cons…
Tesis (M.A.) - IAIN Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, 2001.