Raymond Arthur.
Angus Nurse.
Frank Schmalleger, University of North Carolina, Pembroke, Catherine D. Marcum, Appalachian State University.
The opening of ijtihad and taqlid eradication based on the power of reason is the work done by Muh}ammad ‘Abduh. Believing in the power brought Muh}ammad ‘Abduh to understand that human beings have free willing and action (free willing and free action). This called as Qadariyah. Therefore, Muh}ammad ‘Abduh argued that human can do everything. According to him, God's power is not absolute …