Artikel ini disajikanuntuk menjelaskan tentang peran elit adat seperti penghulu dan Niniak Mamak pada masyarakat mInangkabau secara tradisional sebagai pengayom anak, kemenakan dan kam Pesukuan.Disisi lain, peran sebagai pengambil kebijakan dalam tatanan adat istiadat dan hukum adat serta pewaris kebudayaan seperti halnya tari tradisional Minangkabau.
al Ghazali and Freud are both concerned with the idea soul-and within it the nation of spiritual tranqulity. They both argue that soul has qualities such as health, siskness, tranquility, worriness, and so on, which need to be managed and organized. However, the paradigm within which they speak of this notion is sharply different. For al Ghazali, the nature of soul is purity. Hence it tends to …
Tesis (M.A.)--Universitas McGill, Kanada, 1999.