This paper highlights Iqbal’s epistemology which focuses on the question of metaphysic and ontology. To understand the absolute being, Iqbal starts from intuition about human beings’ ego engaged at reality of the absolute ego. Intuition can reveal the absolute reality or the real super ego. The real existence of reality is spiritual. The true reality, according to Iqbal, refers to the exist…
This article discusses the symbols, process, and meaning of ukhuwwah islâmîyah (Islamic brotherhood) within perspective of the followers of the Tarekat Shatârîyah in Tanjunganom Nganjuk East Java. The result of the research indicates that the making process of ukhuwwah islâmîyah has been initiated through bayʻah towards murshid (Guru Wasîtah). To the followers of the Tarekat Shatarîyah…
This article proves that there is a significant relationship between the Islamic philosophy along with spiritual ecology and the ecological crisis and its solution. Loss of views and beliefs of spiritual ecology are among causes of environmental damage and the universe. Therefore, the restoration of spiritual ecology and its relationship to ecological values will play a pivotal role in the cons…