Within Islamic philosophy, the implementation of punishment for those who commit a crime (jarîmah) is a form of prevention and retaliation (al-rad‘ wa al-zajr) as well as correction and education (al-islâh} wa al-tahdhîb). The implementation of imprisonment in Islam is categorized as ta‘zîr, since there is no any stipulation in the Qur’an which regulates about imprisonment. Departing …
This article explores the culture of music in the tradition of Shalawat Emprak in Pesantren Kaliopak Yogyakarta from the perspective of Sufism. Essentially, Shalawat Emprak is similar to the Sufi tradition of listening to music (samâ‘) as one of the media to draw closer to God. The music is, however, regarded merely as a medium, but it is not a primary mean. Shalawat Emprak is different from…
this paper attempts to explore two leading civilizations in the world, Islam and the West. When Islam, which is identical with the East, has tried to observe the West by using occidentalism as its epistemological approach, polemic and debate arise. Tension between West and East takes another new volume. In his thesis on clash of civilization, Samuel Huntington puts Islam vis a vis the West in t…