This paper deals with the importance of inward experience and outward behavior in religious studies. The reason underlying this paper is that what insiders perform cannot be felt by outsiders. Experiences felt by practicing insiders constitute the internal aspect of religion which cannot be communicated to others; therefore it cannot be transferred to outsiders. This characteristic is often mis…
This article highlights the evolution of Islamic civilization starting from its glory during the classical period until its collapse in modern times. This article also discusses radicalism as a part of inhibiting factors of the development of Islamic civilization in the modern era. Radicalism is a model of understanding which tends to be destructive. This model of understanding has been a ferti…